The Therapeutic Options For Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The therapeutic options for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been widened since April 2005 due to the introduction of Exenatide, the first incretin mimetic (Bond 2006). Due to the prevalence of this disease, the largest and most powerful pharmaceutical companies are ambitious to develop effective therapeutic methods. Exenatide is a synthetic peptide that was first identified in the saliva of Heloderma Suspectum, a species of venomous lizard native to areas in the United States and Mexico (Kalra 2013). In this review, the focus is on the mechanisms of exenatide and how these may relate to therapeutic responses . The exact mechanisms of Exenatide are continually under investigation with certain evaluations focusing on the†¦show more content†¦The synthetic preparation Exenatide targets the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and acts as an agonist which elicits action of the GLP-1 pathway while displaying other antihyperglycemic actions (McDougal, McKay Fisher 2011). Re actions of an active GLP-1 pathway typically lead to insulin secretion by the beta cells and the suppression of inadvertently elevated glucagon secretion (Iltz, 2006). The Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API), has been proven clinically to elicit favourable responses on patient; glucose-dependent insulin secretion, first-phase insulin response, glucagon secretion, gastric emptying and food intake (Derosa et.al, 2010). Exenatide preparations are made by incorporating molecules into a matrix of poly-D, L-lactide-co-glycolide which, although similar to the native glucagon-like peptide has a much longer duration of action (Kalra 2013). The finished dosage form is a pre-filled syringe, which contains the liquid dosage. The drug should be administered subcutaneously by injection, after a period of 60 minutes, prior to consuming morning and afternoon meals. These dosage times are critical for maintaining efficacy and clinical significance as the drug slows the rate of gastric emptying, reducing the rate of meal derived glucose (Bond 2006). Studies A study conducted by Buse et al (2007) examined the metabolic effects of 2 years of exenatide treatment in patients with T2DM. The results of their study showed HbA(1c) levels were

Cisplatine Subtypes And Breast Cancer - 1373 Words

)Platinum agents Platinum salts, including carboplatin and cisplatin, lead to DNA cross-link strand breaks, which may be especially important in cells that are deficient in homologous recombination repair mechanisms such as BRCA-mutated cells and TNBC. Leong and colleagues (Leong, et al. 2007).reported a p63-dependent tumor survival pathway that mediates cisplatin sensitivity, specifically in TNBC cells grown in vitro. Extending this observation to the clinical setting, Rocca and colleagues (Andrea, et al.2008).conducted a retrospective analysis of core biopsies of patients with breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy in breast cancer and showed that administration of cisplatin without anthracyclines yielded a†¦show more content†¦CALGB40603 (NCT00861705) is a randomized phase II trial with a 2 Ãâ€" 2 factorial design that explored the addition of carboplatin  ± bevacizumab to neoadjuvant weekly paclitaxel followed by dose-dense AC in 443 patients with stage II /III TNBC (Sikov, et al. 2014) The pCR rate improved from 41% to 54% with the addition of carboplatin; bevacizumab had no added benefit. It is important to note that neither of these studies was powered to detect disease-free or overall survival (OS) benefit.( Ingrid et al.,2014) B) Capecitabine Several ongoing trials are addressing the intensification of adjuvant chemotherapy in TNBC patients, either through integration of novel agents into the adjuvant setting such as platinum, X, ixabepilone, or bevacizumab, or through introduction of maintenance therapy such as X (CIBOMA and SYSUCC-001) or bevacizumab (BEATRICE). Preliminary results of the CREATE-X (JBCRG-04) trial by the Japan Breast Cancer Research Group were presented at the 2015 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium (Toi, , et al.2016). The trial randomized 910 patients to observation versus 8 cycles of X therapy, and reported improved rates of 2-year DFS (87.3 vs. 80.5%; p = 0.001) and OS (96.2 vs. 93.9%; p = 0.086) with X. All of the observed benefit was driven by the improved outcome in the ER-

Dew Point Temperature An Overview

The air at any given temperature is capable of holding a certain amount of water vapor. When that maximum amount of water vapor is reached, that is referred to as saturation. This is also known as 100% relative humidity. When this is achieved, the temperature of the air has reached the dew point temperature. It is also called the condensation temperature. The dew point temperature can never be higher than the air temperature. Said another way, the dew point temperature is the temperature at which the air must become cooled in order to become completely saturated with water vapor. If the air is cooled to the dew point temperature, it will become saturated, and condensation will begin to form. This could be in the form of clouds, dew, fog, mist, frost, rain, or snow. Condensation: Dew and Fog The dew point temperature is what causes dew to form on the grass in the morning. The morning, just before sunrise, is the lowest air temperature of the day, so it is the time when the dew point temperature is most likely to be reached. The moisture evaporating into the air from the soil saturates the air around the grass. When the temperature of the grass surface hits the dew point, moisture comes out of the air and condenses on the grass. High in the sky where the air cools to the dew point, evaporated moisture becomes clouds. At ground level, its fog when a layer of mist forms at a point just off the ground surface, and its the same process. Evaporated water in the air reaches the dew point at that low elevation, and condensation occurs. Humidity Heat Index Humidity is a measurement of how saturated the air is with water vapor. It is a ratio between what the air has in it and how much it can hold, expressed as a percentage. You can use dew point temperatures to help determine how humid the air is. A dew point temperature close to the actual temperature means that the air is quite full of water vapor and thus very humid. If the dew point is significantly lower than the air temperature, the air is dry and can still hold much additional water vapor. Generally, a dew point at or lower than 55 F is comfortable but more than 65 F feels oppressive. When you have a high temperature and a high humidity level or dew point, you have a higher heat index as well. For example, it may only be 90 F, but it actually feels like 96 because of the high humidity. The Dew Point vs. the Frost Point The warmer the air, the more water vapor it can hold. The dew point on a warm and humid day can be fairly high, in the 70s F or in the 20s C. On a dry and cool day, the dew point can be quite low, approaching freezing. If the dew point is below freezing (32 F or 0 C), we instead use the term frost point.

The Dangers Of Adolescent Pregnancy - 1453 Words

Adolescent pregnancy occurs between the ages of 15-19 (as defined by the World Health Organisation) (Adolescent Pregnancy., 2014) and most commonly occurs in developing countries (Such as sub-Saharan Africa [Teen pregnancy statistics, 2016]). As many of the pregnancies happening are to young girls from under-developed countries, they are often unable to afford the necessary healthcare that most developed countries could provide expectant mothers. Due to the fact that under-developed countries have a lower socio-economic status. This means that access to health services are reduced and education about prenatal, delivery and postnatal care are also limited. Not only are young expectant mothers not able to access a variety of prenatal health services, but there is also a higher risk of maternal death for adolescent pregnancies, and for newborns their is an increased risk of developing diabetes, heart disease or obesity later in life. [Teen pregnancy statistics, 2016] Simply by improving education surrounding pregnancy and improving the access to healthcare in these countries, pregnancy complications would decrease, as would the number of deaths which result from unsafe births. Many organisations such as The World Health Organisation and UNICEF (United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund) have developed many programs to promote healthy pregnancy and to also promote safe sex practices. As mentioned before, a large portion of pregnancies are occurring in thirdShow MoreRelatedHealth And Human Prevention Strategy I Chose Is The National Drug Control Strategy932 Words   |  4 PagesControl Strategy. Drug abuse affects the whole nation economically, socially physically and mentally. Some of the problems caused by drug abuse includes highway accidents, crimes, school drop outs, sexually transmitted diseases, suicide, and teenage pregnancies (Healthy People 2020 n.d). 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One of the most important things about teen pregnancy is that society as a whole needs to getRead MoreThe Debate Of Emotional Sex1385 Words   |  6 Pageswhich adolescents perform sexual activity is becoming younger. Education in the United States encourages abstinence to students in middle school and high school, but the resistance against adolescent sexual intercourse is futile because adolescents are historically rebellious at nature. Abstinence courses do not trigger any emotional response in adolescents nor do they personalize the situation for students, making them essentially futile. Students are not going to care about the dangers of sexualRead MoreSex Education And Its Effect On Adolescent Sexual Activity910 Words   |  4 P ages Historically, school-based sex education was intended to prevent adolescent sexual activity by educating adolescents about the dangers related to being sexual active at a young age. This education curriculum was based on the belief that adolescents would be deterred from becoming sexually active, as well as the belief that parents were not capable of effectively communicating this type of information to their children, especially women (Elliott, 2010; Weed Lickona 2014). Although sex educationRead More Early Marriage Essay1131 Words   |  5 PagesEarly marriage is the marriage of children and adolescents below the age of 18. Causes: According to UNICEFs Innocenti Research Centre, the practice of marrying girls at a young age is most common in Sub-Saharan African and South Asia. There are specific parts of West Africa and East Africa and of South Asia where marriages before puberty are not unusual. However, the Centre also notes that marriage shortly after puberty is common among those living traditional lifestyles in the Middle East

Example of Compare and Contrast Essay Topics Reviews & Guide

Example of Compare and Contrast Essay Topics Reviews & Guide Example of Compare and Contrast Essay Topics - Is it a Scam? You must analyze both things and produce a conclusion. Philosophical topics may be controversial since many things have more than 1 explanation for it, therefore it isn't easy to figure out the truth. The reality is, however, that we don't always make our choices consciously. Finding the perfect topic isn't the hardest job in the planet, all you need to do is to take a few factors under consideration. What You Should Do to Find Out About Example of Compare and Contrast Essay Topics Before You're Left Behind You don't need to be very detailed in your essay, but be sure you check whatever you write about. You are able to restate your thesis statement and point out a number of the arguments used over the whole essay that backs it up. If you don't, read how to compose a compare and contrast essay. You must be very careful as you decide on a compare a nd contrast essay. A comparison essay is among them. What's more, an essay writer must also have the ability to give valid references on the arguments he would want to include in the paragraph. There are lots of others persuasive compare and contrast essay topics regarding education if you are prepared to write about doing it. Academically suitable compare contrast essay topics ought to be stimulating together with attention-grabbing. Writing an excellent essay might be a bit of cake if you're feeling inspired. If it's necessary to compose a compare and contrast essay and are trying hard to determine how turn a set of assignment guidelines into a real essay, here are some advice that could set you on the right path. You may discuss a feeling of taste and the book of your favourite author. To start with, in the same way as any other bit of academic writing, a comparative essay ought to have a goal. Also, there are plenty and a lot of resources to use to compose your essay, so there shouldn't b e any issue with your research. Introduction with the effective hook and thesis statement stays the same. Our on-line essay editing service gives an excellent value for the money as you can acquire the best grades without sweating over it. If you'd like to acquire a complimentary example, there's no greater place to search than an expert online writing website. The Appeal of Example of Compare and Contrast Essay Topics You simply need to order a great essay from experts with the greatest academic degrees in a number of fields. As a student, you're assigned to different forms of tasks. Naturally, writing is among the major learning programs in any critical school institution. Students who excel in writing about such complex topic could have an opportunity to be enrolled into a number of the very best Art universities to come up with their abilities and talent. There are a couple of critical things to do to take to create a great thesis statement. You must present your topi c, naturally, and also your thesis statement that has the function of indicating to your readers what is the probable path of the full work. There is a range of interesting compare and contrast essay topics you are able to pick from you can describe laws you want to create, to offer you some alterations to already existing laws, or to suggest to cancel a law you don't like for certain explanations. So now you understand how to select the best compare and contrast topics and the various segments you want to address when writing. The end consequence of a comparison and contrast essay ought to be a deeper comprehension of a topic. The very first thing you ought to do is identify the sort of compare and contrast essay which you are handling. Or it may be an introduction, then the similarities between the 2 subjects, the differences between both subjects, and a conclusion. If you are thinking about how to begin a compare and contrast essay or simply want to learn how to write one well, first you need to comprehend its goal. Vital Pieces of Example of Compare and Contrast Essay Topics Since you may see, the topics are split between multiple categories so it would be simpler that you select one. Before you begin, it's vital to choose topics which you really know well. It's needless to mention your topics ought to be precise and on point. A number of the essay topics below may appear to contain subjects that don't have anything in common. Just utilize whatever you can remember from the subject you're working with. You're not restricted to anything, and you may select any compare and contrast writing topics you're passionate about. You may use any as the subject of your essay especially whenever you're not assigned any specific theme. The topics you'll find here require a distinctive approach as you attempt to develop useful and accurate content.

Economic Condition of Germany-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: Discuss about the Economic Condition of Germany. Answers: Introduction The economy of Germany has continued to be one of the leading and powerful economies despite a number of economic headwinds within the European Union. Since the Global Financial Crisis of 2008, the German economy has come a long way forward supported by long-term investment freedom and entrepreneurial growth (Maitah, Toth Kuzmenko, 2015). In the meanwhile, Germany has been ranked nineteenth richest country of the world economy based on the GDP per capita of US$ 45551.51 in 2016 (Worldbank.org, 2017). Currently, the financial, as well as political challenges with the eurozone, have taken a toll on the economic growth of the nation. In this particular study, the current economic condition of Germany has been elaborated describing the Gross Domestic Product, GDP growth rate, and GDP per capita. Evidently, the existing economic condition in Germany has seemed to be stabilised due to a decline in unemployment rate to 3.8 percent in the last quarter. Notably, the FDI inflow of US$ 31.7 billion has contributed the growth sustainability, to say the least (Worldbank.org, 2017). Production Output Performance Analysis The analysis of the production output performance can identify the current status of the German economy in terms of GDP, GDP annual growth rate, and GDP per capita. Interestingly, in the late 1990s and early phase of 2000s, the economic growth of Germany was relatively slower than most other eurozone countries. Also, the fundamentals of the economy were inflexible to some extent. Coming back to the present state of affairs, the German economy can be recognised as the fourth-largest GDP in the global stage worth US$ 3466.76 billion in 2016 (Worldbank.org, 2017). In the underlying figure, Germanys GDP data of last 10 years has been charted. Figure: Germany Gross Domestic Product (in USD billion) Source: (Worldbank.org, 2017) In the meanwhile, the current GDP of the German economy has represented 5.59 percent of the entire world economy. However, the trend of GDP has not evidently upward. Over the last decade, in 2014, the GDP of the economy was valued worth US$ 3879.28 billion highest in the last 10 years. In terms of economic growth, the pullback of the economy has been remarkable. In the first quarter of 2017, the economy of Germany has expanded at a rate of 1.7 percent (Worldbank.org, 2017). In the first quarter of 2009, due to the impact of GFC, the GDP annual rate of the German economy was contracted by 6.8 percent. Since then, the recovery stage of the German economy was staged by the government as well as the Central Bank of the nation. Figure: Germany GDP Annual Growth Rate Source: (Worldbank.org, 2017) As illustrated in the above figure, in 2011, the economy has registered a yearly growth of 5.9 percent which is the highest in the last decade. Precisely, the yearly growth rate of the German economy is hovering around 1 to 2 percent since the third quarter of 2014 showing the steady economic status of the nation. On the other hand, the exiting GDP trend of the economy has continuously supported the GDP per capita of the country. Since 2009, the German GDP per capita has improved at a significant rate. As shown in the figure below, the GDP per capita has been recorded at US$ 45551.51in 2016 from 40086.1 in 2009 (Worldbank.org, 2017). The steady growth in the GDP per capita has pointed towards the economic stability as well as income status of the citizens of Germany. Figure: Germany GDP Per Capita (in USD) Source: (Worldbank.org, 2017) Through the identification of the economic performance trends, it is quite clear that the German economy has outperformed over the last decade. According to the reports of Deutsche Bank, the central bank of Germany, most of the economic indicators are showing sustainable growth patterns. The largest economy of the eurozone is also supported by the fiscal policy. The economic policy reforms such as modern tax policies have been effective to draw improved government revenue. Currently, the government runs a budget surplus that is expected to reach US$ 25 billion in the recent year (Spitz-Oener, 2017). Invariably, the tight monetary policy of Deutsche Bank has contributed towards money inflow to attain long-term public as well as private sector growth. Evidently, the German government has worried about the financial situation among the other eurozone economies that have added significant pressure on the economy. On the other hand, the German government is thinking about declining the regulatory costs so that unproductive expenditure can be controlled. However, improved consumer demand and expenditure have largely contributed towards the growth of the economy. Also, the export of the country has reached to a whooping figure of $1.3 trillion that values half of the GDP of the nation (Spitz-Oener, 2017). In this way, the long-term policy benefits of the government have fuelled the economic growth. Labour Market Analysis The existing labour market analysis of Germany is pointing towards a significant improvement in unemployment rate since 2010. By considering the economic uncertainties with the eurozone and high rate of unemployment in the most of the eurozone economies, the jobless rate of Germany can be termed as an exception (Juessen, 2016). Over the last decade or so, the number of jobless people has been reduced by as much as 50 percent. Remarkably, the jobless number in Germany has come down to 2.6 million as the seasonally adjusted unemployment rate has recorded at 3.8 percent in the recent June quarter. Instrumentally, the services and industrial sector in Germany have contributed the most in adding employments over the last decade (Pollmann-Schult Bchel, 2015). Figure: Germany Unemployment Rate Source: (Worldbank.org, 2017) As shown in the above presented chart, in 2007, the unemployment rate was recorded at more than 9 percent. Effectively, the fiscal policy of the German Government has supported the long-term growth structure to create more jobs (Fitzenberger Wilke, 2010). As a sign of recovery, the unemployment rate in Germany has continuously maintained a downward curve although Germany has provided suitable accommodation for more than1 million refugees since 2015. Notably, positive economic outlook and industrial growth opportunities in the private as well as public sector have emerged new competition in the job markets (Fendel, 2014). Slowly but steadily, the government policy and government expenditure have transformed the job market of the country adding significant number of jobs each year. Clearly, the federal labour market reforms initiated way back in 2003 has shown its long-term effect in case of Germany (Klemmer Wink, 2016). By considering the last ten years statistics of the labour market in Germany, it can be seen that three different types of unemployment can be evident in the economy. Firstly, the adverse impact of cyclical unemployment can be seen in the nation during and after the Global Financial Crisis. It can be seen that the downfall in the global economy directly impacted several industries of Germany leading to a fall in the demand for labour. Hence, a rise in the unemployment rate from 7 percent to 8 percent can be seen during that phase (Ilmakunnas Pesola, 2013). Alternatively, another type of unemployment that occurs in an economy is known as structural unemployment. The structural unemployment occurs due to the lack of technical skills and knowledge among the younger generation people that are required by the multinational companies to hire an employee (Mclaughlin, 2013). According to the statistical figures, it can be seen that the youth unemployment rate of Germany is considerably high er than the total unemployment rate due to the lack of skills that leads to structural unemployment. However, the Government of Germany has been quite effective in reducing the youth unemployment rate from around 12.5 percent to around 6.75 percent between 2009 and 2016 (Flrez, 2017). Furthermore, the third type of unemployment that occurs in the nation is known as frictional unemployment. This type of unemployment occurs due to the voluntary retirement of the workers in search of a new well paid job. Frictional unemployment is a type of unemployment that cannot be avoided in an economy due to the job changing behaviour of the employees. Hence, a minimum level of unemployment cannot be avoided in a well developed nation like Germany. The German Government has introduced an explicit policy to shorten the work hours in place of laying-off the workers. The shorting of work hours policy has helped the government to increase the number of job and provide employment to more number of people. Moreover, the Government of Germany has increased the minimum hourly wage rate by 4 percent from 8.50 per hour to 8.84 per hour and a special wage commission has been announced in order to minimise the frictional unemployment in the nation (Lange Georgellis, 2017). Additionally, the Government has used its tax rate policy in order to attract foreign investment and promote business in the nation to increase job opportunities in the Germany (Geest, Siegers Bergh, 2009). Hence, it can be seen that the German Government has worked effectively in order to control the unemployment rate in the last ten years. Price Level Analysis Inflation rate presents the rise of average price level in an economy for a particular time period. It can be seen through the statistical report of the World Bank that the inflation rate in Germany has always remained under 4 percent throughout the last 10 years. During the Global Financial Crisis, the supply of money reduced in the market due to the downfall in the global economy and high interest rate (around 4 percent) that led to a rise in the aggregate price level to around 3.25 percent (Worldbank.org, 2017). However, the economy has faced a small rate of deflation after the end of the GFC in 2009 and during 2015. The German Government has effectively controlled the flow of money using its monetary policy and supply of products and services in the market using its fiscal policy to manage a balanced inflation rate in the nation. Currently, the inflation rate of Germany is around 1.75 percent (Worldbank.org, 2017). A figure has been given below to present the last ten years infla tion rate of Germany: Figure: Inflation rate of Germany Source: (Worldbank.org, 2017) There are two major reasons for the occurrence of inflation in an economy, which are known as cost push inflation and demand pull inflation. The two types of inflation that have occurred in the German economy have been explained in details in the section given below. Figure: Cost Push Inflation Source: (Sanner Bussmann, 2013) During the GFC, the aggregate supply of products and services decreased leading to a shift in the aggregate supply curve from AS to AS. On the other hand, the aggregate demand remained constant at AD. Hence, an increase in the aggregate price level can be evident during the GFC in 2008 (Forstater, 2017). However, an increase in the aggregate supply can be evident after the GFC and in the year 2015-16 that resulted in deflation in the nation. The second reason for inflation is the demand pull factors. A figurer has been presented below for better understanding: Figure: Demand Pull Inflation Source: (Sanner Bussmann, 2013) For example, during the GFC and few years after GFC, an increase in the aggregate demand can be evident in the German economy resulting in a rightward shift in the aggregate demand curve from AD1 to AD2. On the other hand, the aggregate supply curve remains constant at AS. Hence, a rise in the average price level can be evident from PL1 to PL2 resulting in an inflation in the economy. The German Government has effectively controlled the aggregate price level of products and services in the nation using its price flooring policy and low interest rate strategy. For instance, in order to control the high inflation rate in the market during the global financial crisis, the government reduced the interest rate to around 1 percent from 4 percent (McCallum Nelson, 2016). Additionally, the government used to price flooring strategy to set a minimum and maximum price for a product and service in the nation to control the growth of aggregate price level. Hence, it can be clearly seen that the Government of Germany has effectively controlled the price level or inflation rate in the last ten years. Conclusion By considering the above analysis, Germany is one of the leading economies of the world with an annual GDP growth rate of around 2 percent. Moreover, the German Government has effective made changes in its economic policies in order to control the unemployment rate in the nation. The increase in the minimum wage rate and promotion of business in the country has helped the economy to minimise its unemployment rate from around 9 percent to 4 percent in the last ten years. Additionally, the low interest rate policy of the government has helped the economy to control the aggregate price level and maintain economic balance in the German market. References Fendel, T. (2014). Work-related Migration and Unemployment.Journal For Labour Market Research,47(3), 233-243. Fitzenberger, B., Wilke, R. (2010). New Insights into Unemployment Duration and Post Unemployment Earnings in Germany.Oxford Bulletin Of Economics And Statistics,72(6), 794-826. Flrez, L. (2017). Informal sector under saving: A positive analysis of labour market policies.Labour Economics,44, 13-26. Forstater, M. (2017).Economics(4th ed.). London: A. C. Black. Geest, G., Siegers, J., Bergh, R. (2009).Law and economics and the labour market(4th ed.). Cheltenham [England]: Edward Elgar Pub. Germany. (2017).Worldbank.org. Retrieved August 2017, from https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/germany Ilmakunnas, P., Pesola, H. (2013). Regional Labour Market Matching Functions and Efficiency Analysis.Labour,17(3), 413-437. Juessen, F. (2016). A distribution dynamics approach to regional GDP convergence in unified Germany.Empirical Economics,37(3), 627-652. Klemmer, P., Wink, R. (2016).Preventing unemployment in Europe(3rd ed.). Cheltenham, UK: E. Elgar. Lange, T., Georgellis, Y. (2017).Active labour market policies and unemployment(3rd ed.). Bradford, England: Emerald Group Pub. Maitah, M., Toth, D., Kuzmenko, E. (2015). The Effect of GDP per Capita on Employment Growth in Germany, Austria and the Czech Republic: Macroeconomic Analysis.Review Of European Studies,7(11). McCallum, B., Nelson, E. (2016).Monetary and fiscal theories of the price level(3rd ed.). Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research. Mclaughlin, E. (2013).Understanding Unemployment(2nd ed.). Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Pollmann-Schult, M., Bchel, F. (2015). Unemployment Benefits, Unemployment Duration and Subsequent Job Quality.Acta Sociologica,48(1), 21-39. Sanner, B., Bussmann, W. (2013). Current status, prospects and economic framework of geothermal power production in Germany.Geothermics,32(4-6), 429-438. Spitz-Oener, A. (2017).The Real Reason the German Labor Market Is Booming.Harvard Business Review. Retrieved August 2017, from https://hbr.org/2017/03/the-real-reason-the-german-labor-market-is-booming

Japanese Ink Paintings Essay Example For Students

Japanese Ink Paintings Essay Japanese arts have the distinction of being distinct because it uses absolutely identical materials. Implements, and media for both drawing and painting (Bowie, 9). Therefore, it is arguable whether Japanese drawings and paintings are either the same thing or, that there is no such thing as a Japanese drawing (Bowie, 9). Either way, these drawings/paintings represent a distinct art form and era in Japanese history as well as art history. The art of these ink drawings involve the use of sums, which is a charcoal precipitate that is mixed with water and can create visual and textual effects to an unlimited range (Bowie, 10). These ink nettings can also be referred to as sums-e. The kind of brush that was used was also a wide variety of brushes from large, small, flat or round (Bowie ICC). Sums- ex.s encompassed a wide variety of materials in which it was presented on. They were seen on whole walls off reception hall or temple, on sliding door panels known as the fuse, as well as the hanging scroll that was known as Oakmont (History 17). Along with those items, less elaborate items were used such as the hand scroll, animation, fans, segments, and albums, gaucho (History, 17). Along faith these material items that oeuvre used in this art form were also the on-material aspects of the art; the artists intent and planning of each painting. Subjects were transformed in the mind Of each artist using interpretations and feelings that were expressed in each brush stroke (History 18). The artist was known to hold on to his brush until he had determined the intention, composition, and position of each stroke as well as how each stroke would function (History 18). These aspects of the art form truly distinguish Japanese ink paintings. These material and non-material items both work together to create specific and intricately thought out pictures of balance and perfection in Japanese art. Influences from and Differences between China Although, when looking at a Japanese painting and/or drawing, one can easily lump them into the category of general far east art, since they all gain great influence from China. Japanese art differs aesthetically from that of China and its surrounding neighbors. Japanese paintings show a distinct stylistic perfection that is reflected in balance and asymmetrical compositions (History 13). These characteristics developed with influence from Japanese Buddhist monks who traveled to China (History 20). There was also a flow of Chinese monk refugees ho fled to Japan in the I lath century during the Mongol take-over of China (History 20). This also had a huge impact on the development of Japanese paintings in relation to China The fact that the beginnings of ink painting had the foundation of monks also sets the back drop for the simplicity and the presence of nature and space in much Of these drawings; the Zen aspect. The distinction with Japan was that paintings were also focused on Zen patriarchs and famous monks rather than solely focusing on nature as the Chinese did (History 21). When nature further came in to play in the early 15th century, there was resend Of strong asymmetry in branches and cliffs, emphasis on image Of space as well as height using cliffs or trees (History 23). History emphasizes techniques used and its relation to China: The sharp definition of the trees and more muted forms of the bamboo grove and distant mountains further enhance the sense of atmospheric space] this work admirably demonstrates the degree to which Japanese artists if the fifteenth century had assimilated the essentials of Chinese landscaping painting (History 23) In an orthodox portrait of a Zen master extraneous and/or ornamental elements such as trees and mountains in the background are not present (Kanata 36). .u19237947dc744b3d61f1b6f651adefb9 , .u19237947dc744b3d61f1b6f651adefb9 .postImageUrl , .u19237947dc744b3d61f1b6f651adefb9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u19237947dc744b3d61f1b6f651adefb9 , .u19237947dc744b3d61f1b6f651adefb9:hover , .u19237947dc744b3d61f1b6f651adefb9:visited , .u19237947dc744b3d61f1b6f651adefb9:active { border:0!important; } .u19237947dc744b3d61f1b6f651adefb9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u19237947dc744b3d61f1b6f651adefb9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u19237947dc744b3d61f1b6f651adefb9:active , .u19237947dc744b3d61f1b6f651adefb9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u19237947dc744b3d61f1b6f651adefb9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u19237947dc744b3d61f1b6f651adefb9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u19237947dc744b3d61f1b6f651adefb9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u19237947dc744b3d61f1b6f651adefb9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u19237947dc744b3d61f1b6f651adefb9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u19237947dc744b3d61f1b6f651adefb9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u19237947dc744b3d61f1b6f651adefb9 .u19237947dc744b3d61f1b6f651adefb9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u19237947dc744b3d61f1b6f651adefb9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Compare/Contrast Paintings at Palmer EssayDetail, instead went to the face and the robe of the priest (Kanata 36). Other aspects of capturing are also depicted through these paintings such as the idea of movement in some of the paintings of the priests. There are portraits that give out the idea of walking as though not walking, quiet and unmoved (Kanata 44). The scroll also provided another way in which ink paintings were represented. It combines poetic inscriptions with landscape paintings and became the major pictorial expression of the first half of the 15th entry (Sashimi paintings on fans were another asset to this art form. An example of techniques in fan art is seen in Nina Genes landscape fan of 1975 Which expresses the use Of orange-brown color, patterning Of dots, and the occasional use of darker ink in tree groupings (Addis 34). These are some of themes and techniques of composition of the different eras of ink drawings. Schools, Eras, and Change There were also different schools and styles of Japanese ink paintings (from http://www. Arterial. Com/articles/Japanese-painting. Asp), 0 Chihuahuas is the term for painting in black ink. It was adopted from China and strongly influenced by Zen Buddhism. During the 15th century ink painting gained a more Japanese style tot its own. Guano Monsanto (1453-1490) and his son Kane Monotone (http://w. Vow. Arterial. Com/articles/Japanese-painting. Asps-1559) stab lashed the Kane painting school. It began as a protest against the Chinese ink painting technique in black, The Kane school used bright colors and introduced daring compositions with large flat areas that later should dominate the Kikuyu-e designs. The Kane school split into several branches over the time, but remained dominant during the Eddo period. Many Kikuyu-e artists were trained as Kane painters. ] Toss-ha was a painting school specialized on small miniature formats in book illustrations. The founder avgas Toss Hokier in the 14th century. The Toss school became something like the official art school of the imperial court in Kyoto. The imperial court was a secluded world of its own, politically powerless, but well equipped with funds by the governing shoguns to dedicate thems elves to fine arts. 0 The nag painting style was strong at the beginning of the 19th century during the bunk and bonsai era. The advocates of this style painted idealized landscapes and natural subjects like birds and flowers for a cultural elite. The style was rather Chinese. C] The Shoji school was a split in the 18th century from the official Kane school. The shoji style is characterized by subjects taken from peoples everyday life. A kind Of realism With sometimes satirical elements. Kane Monsanto, developed the Kane school (History, 23). This school was dominated Japanese painting until the 19th century and believed an artistic tradition that was family oriented; leadership was passed from father to son (History, 24). As mentioned in the above list of schools, this school reduced native paintings that incorporated color in its subject. These paintings also lack the Zen overtones because Zen Buddhism lost its unchallenged position as a cultural force in Kyoto (History, 24). Kyoto served as the cultural center for ink paintings; however, Kumara came into play as an important spot in the late 15th century (Sashimi, 27). Like all areas of art, when one place bursts with energy and creativity that extremely reflects and affects the culture, the trend and need to branch out transcends. Sessions work took prominence at the time which the ink paintings were gaining ground in Kumara (History 25). Sessions work exemplifies the beauty of ink in color: He has used ink and light color to convey the beauty and freshness of summer and broad, harsher ink washes to capture the cold of wintergreens shows greater sensitivity to seasonal changeableness describes painting as a form of magic (History, 25) This magic was thought of as mans ability to reveal the process of nature through brush and ink (History, 25). All these different schools lead to different eras of this art and show the diverse ways in Which history and the evolution Of society and politics created particular dynamics in one particular art form. .ufd9e6e768d9100691a15f9256b4cadda , .ufd9e6e768d9100691a15f9256b4cadda .postImageUrl , .ufd9e6e768d9100691a15f9256b4cadda .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufd9e6e768d9100691a15f9256b4cadda , .ufd9e6e768d9100691a15f9256b4cadda:hover , .ufd9e6e768d9100691a15f9256b4cadda:visited , .ufd9e6e768d9100691a15f9256b4cadda:active { border:0!important; } .ufd9e6e768d9100691a15f9256b4cadda .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufd9e6e768d9100691a15f9256b4cadda { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufd9e6e768d9100691a15f9256b4cadda:active , .ufd9e6e768d9100691a15f9256b4cadda:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufd9e6e768d9100691a15f9256b4cadda .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufd9e6e768d9100691a15f9256b4cadda .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufd9e6e768d9100691a15f9256b4cadda .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufd9e6e768d9100691a15f9256b4cadda .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufd9e6e768d9100691a15f9256b4cadda:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufd9e6e768d9100691a15f9256b4cadda .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufd9e6e768d9100691a15f9256b4cadda .ufd9e6e768d9100691a15f9256b4cadda-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufd9e6e768d9100691a15f9256b4cadda:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Role of Replays in Different Sports EssayThe Basic aspect of Japanese ink paintings was originally that Of the Zen Buddhist culture. The art later assimilated with ideas of Chinese Confucianism. The Zen characteristic of life in earlier paintings where there; there were virtually no apparent landscapes or depictions of nature. As time and politics progressed, the art itself became evolutionary as it began to take on new forms and develop different schools as well as spread into different areas of Japan. Even though the ways of they paintings evolved, the overall structure, technique and material of the art maintained the same. Bibliography Addis, Stephen.